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sentence spacing
Sentence spacing is the horizontal space between sentences in typeset text. It is a matter of typographical convention.〔University of Chicago Press 2003, ''Chicago Manual of Style''. p. 243; Einsohn 2006. p. 113; Shushan and Wright 1989. p. 34.〕 Since the introduction of movable-type printing in Europe, various sentence spacing conventions have been used in languages with a Latin alphabet.〔Languages with Sanscrit, Cyrillic, cuneiform, hieroglyphics, Chinese, and Japanese characters, among others, are not covered in the scope of this article. Handwriting is also not covered.〕 These include a normal word space (as between the words in a sentence), a single enlarged space, two full spaces, and, most recently in digital media, no space.〔Truss 2004. p. 25.〕
Until the 20th century, publishing houses and printers in many countries used additional space between sentences. There were exceptions to this traditional spacing method—some printers used spacing between sentences that was no wider than word spacing.〔 This was ''French spacing''—a term synonymous with single-space sentence spacing until the late 20th century.〔In the 1990s, some print and Web sources began referring to double sentence spacing as "French spacing", leading to some ambiguity with the term. See for example, Eckersley et al. 1994. p. 46, and Haley 2006.〕 With the introduction of the typewriter in the late 19th century, typists used two spaces between sentences to mimic the style used by traditional typesetters.〔Bringhurst 2004. p. 28.〕 While wide sentence spacing was phased out in the printing industry in the mid-twentieth century, the practice continued on typewriters〔Felici 2003. p. 80〕 and later on computers.〔Jury 2009. p. 58〕 Perhaps because of this, many modern sources now incorrectly〔Felici 2009〕 claim that wide spacing was created for the typewriter.〔Jury 2009. p. 57; Williams 2003. p. 13; Fogarty 2008. p. 85〕
The desired or correct sentence spacing is often debated but many sources now say additional space is not necessary or desirable.〔Felici 2003. p. 80; Fogarty 2008. p. 85; Jury 2009. p. 56; Strizver 2010; Walsh 2004. p. 3; Williams 2003. pp. 13–14.〕 From around 1950, single sentence spacing became standard in books, magazines and newspapers〔Williams 2003. pp. 13–14. This refers to professionally published works, as it is possible for individual authors to publish works through desktop publishing systems. Williams states, "I guarantee this: never in your life have you read professionally set text printed since 1942 that used two spaces after each period." See also, Felici 2003. p. 81; Strizver 2010; Weiderkehr 2009; Williams 1995. p. 4.〕 and the majority of style guides that use a Latin-derived alphabet as a language base now prescribe or recommend the use of a single space after the concluding punctuation of a sentence.〔; 〕 However, some sources still state that additional spacing is correct or acceptable. The debate continues,〔 notably on the World Wide Web—as many people use search engines to try to find what is correct.〔Rosendorf 2010.〕 Many people prefer double sentence spacing for informal use because that was how they were taught to type.〔Strizver 2010.〕 There is a debate on which convention is more readable, but the few recent direct studies conducted since 2002 have produced inconclusive results.〔Lloyd and Hallahan 2009. "During times when many disciplines that recommend the APA's Publication Manual (ed., 2009 ) are advocating evidence-based decisions, it's noteworthy, we think, that these discussions of the rationale for using two spaces at the end of sentences (and after colons) do not appear to be based on scientific examination of the hypothesis that two spaces makes manuscripts more readable."〕
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